Influence of IT on Organisational Behaviour

Influence of IT on Organisational Behaviour The Influence of IT on organisational behaviour Carr (2003) concludes that Information Technology (IT) has become the backbone of commerce and that IT empower companies to serve their customers better. IT can alter the basic nature of an industry (Luftman et al., 1993), and rightly so; IT has forever changed the world that we inhabit. With the use of computers and software, IT has altered how the finance sector operates, how the education system work, how companies conduct their business and how the healthcare sector can help their citizens. Ultimately, IT has been able to help every company and government institute alike to transform their daily operation by turning labour heavy and repetitive burdens into automatic and streamlined tasks that often require little to no human interaction. The use of IT in healthcare enables citizens, healthcare professionals, authorities and administrators to have access to real-time and relevant information through secure delivery without unnecessary barriers. With the help of online healthcare portals, citizens can schedule appointments with their general practitioner, check their patient journal, look up digital medical information such as X-rays or blood samples. Healthcare professionals can save time spent on paperwork and instead concentrate their valuable time on helping their patients. Authorities, such as Data Protection Agencies will be better equipped to help the healthcare to improve procedures, processes and patient safety. Finally, administrators will have access to data and information that could help them improve the decision-making in everyday operations. A practical example of an IT implementation that is showing to have a long-term positive consequence is the implementation of one (a single) centralised Electronic Patient Journal (EPJ) for the whole country of the Faroe Islands. While decentralisation may bring flexibility and fast response to changing needs, decentralisation also makes system integration difficult, presents a barrier to standardisation and acts as a disincentive toward achieving economies of scale (DeSanctis Jackson, 1994). Even though the Faroe Islands is a small country of only fifty thousand people, the country has three hospitals and around hundred general practitioners. With the centralised EPJ system, the healthcare sector has the basics in place to start exchanging digital medical information by integrating with other systems to receive descriptions and answers from a specialist (doctor). These other systems include computerised axial tomography (CAT) scanners, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, Lab oratory and blood systems and so on. On an entirely different subject, albeit all the positives social media might bring, one should not ignore the negative effects. Negative effects from social media include addiction and privacy concerns. The social media is comparable to drugs; once addicted it is hard to let to go. Griffiths (2010) mentions a research conducted on 415 medical technologists that Internet Abuse falls into three distinct categories: browsing, non-work-related e-mails and cyberloafing. According to Griffiths (2010), addition is related to Internet abuse and does have an impact on the workplace in regards to the loss of productivity. To conclude, information technology has spearheaded the digital revolution for some time and is moving companies, consumers and government ever closer to a constant change for globalisation. References Carr, N.G. (2003) Why IT Doesnt Matter Anymore Harvard Business Review. [Online] Available from: http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/3520.html (Accessed: 15 January 2016) Luftman, J.N., Lewis, P.R. Oldach, S.H. (1993) Transforming the Enterprise: The alignment of business and information technology strategies. IBM Systems Journal Vol 32 (1). p. 198 DeSanctis, G. Jackson, B.M. (1994) Coordination of information technology management: Team-based structures and computer-based communication systems. Journal of Management Information Systems Vol 10 (4). p. 85-110. Alder, I. (2013) How Our Digital Devices Are Affecting Our Personal Relationships [Online] Available from: http://www.wbur.org/2013/01/17/digital-lives-i (Accessed: 1. June 2016) Griffiths, M.D. (2010) Internet abuse and internet addiction in the workplace. Journal of Workplace Learning, 7, 463-472.

Toefl essay

China and his story is unrealistic. However, this is directly refuted by the teacher's claim that Marco Polo really did go on the trip to China as he said. To begin with, the reading suggests that all of the original accounts of his Journey is given in different language and version. It is written in Latin, Italy, and Old France but it contains all different details.The lecturer, however, contradicts this point by asserting that at first, when he was in Jail, his Jail fellow, which was romance novelist rote the first version in France, and Marco Polo later wrote own account in Italian, which is later translated in to Latin. Another point that article stresses is that Marco Polo fail to mention basic fact about China. He did not write about tea drinking or Great Wall. Also, he was unable to speak Chinese even though he lived In China for 17 years.On the other hand, the speaker asserts that he did not see common stuffs of China because he lived in different location. Mostly, Marco Polo lived in North, where tea was unable to see. For him, It was hard to see Great Wall cause it was not finished and separated In pieces. When Marco Polo left China the Great Wall was done. Thus, Kabuki Khan sent Persian Translator for Marco Polo, who was able to speak Persian.Therefore, he did not have to learn Chinese. Finally, the passage points out that Marco Polo's name Is not written In any of China's record. If he claim to know Kabuki Khan, who was the ruler, his name should be written In any of record. In contrast, this viewpoint Is rebutted by the lecturer's assertion that he was using Persian name. Also, he was not really Important enough to written In Chinese record. Toefl Essay TOEFL ESSAY RATING SCALE 6 An essay at this level – effectively addresses the writing task – is well organized and well developed – uses clearly appropriate details to support a thesis or illustrate ideas – displays consistent facility in the use of language – demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriate word choice 5 An essay at this level – may address some parts of the task more effectively than others – is generally well organized and developed – uses details to support a thesis or illustrate an idea – displays facility in use of the language – demonstrates some syntactic variety and range of vocabulary An essay at this level – addresses the writing task adequately but may slight parts of the task – is adequately organized and developed – use some details to support a thesis or illustrate an idea – demonstrate adequate but possibly inconsistent facility with syntax and usage â€⠀œ may contain some errors that occasionally obscure meaning CHECKING Content Is there a thesis statement or introduction? Is there a topic sentence for each paragraph? Are there supporting details for each topic statement? Is there conclusion? Clarity Are there run-on sentences or sentence fragments? Are there misplaced modifiers or dangling modifiers?Are the structures parallel? Are there transition words? Are the sentences and paragraphs cohesive? Punctuation and spelling Are the paragraphs indented? Are there punctuation marks such as periods at the end of each sentence? Do all sentences begin with capital letters? Are all words spelled correctly? General Writing Improvements Strategies 1. Writing is skill like playing tennis. You have to practice. There is a lot of extra work you can do on your own to help you become a better writer. Doing these activities, you’ll practice your writing, practice your penmanship, and practice forming opinions.To improve your writing, pay attention when you read. Notice how the author of your book organizes thoughts and expresses ideas. 4. Buy a notebook to record your thoughts and your writing. Don’t use this notebook for anything but writing practice. This notebook will be your private classroom. 5. Keep a journal. Record the events of a day. Tell what happened. Record what you think 6. When events happen, take notes. Later in the day reread your notes and turn them into sentences. Turn the sentences into paragraphs. 7. Write every day. Give yourself a gift of time.Spend five minutes a day writing, and do it faithfully everyday. Once a week, assign yourself a topic and write an essay in thirty minutes. 8. Go back over your writing frequently. The more you write, the better writer you will become. You may think of a better, or a different, way of expressing a thought. Use the blank page to experiment with different ways of expressing the same idea. 9. When you rewrite, imagine you are writing for a different audience. The first time you wrote for yourself. How would you change your writing if your friends were to read. Your teacher? Your mother? A stranger?Types of Essays There four essay types on the Computer-based TOEFL: |Agreeing or disagreeing |33% | |Stating a preference |34% | |Giving an explanation |22% | |Making an argument |11% |Identify the task If†¦ How†¦ In your opinion †¦ If you could change (something) what would you change? What is the best way to (do something)? What should be the main focus? Which of the following should you do? Which of the following is most important to you? What would you give to help someone? How would you do something? How would you do something/choose between two things? How will (something) affect (something else)? Describe †¦ Explain †¦ What do you consider most important: (list)? What have you learned by (doing something)? Why do you think (something happens)?What are the qualities of (something)? Choose an event and te ll why you enjoyed it. How ha (something) changed? Why is (something) important? How does (something) effect (something else)? How is (something) different? Some do this; others do that. Some say this; others say that. Which opinion do you agree with? In your opinion which is better? Which would you prefer? Would you prefer to†¦? Compare the advantages and disadvantages. Which is best for you? Compare these attitudes. How is (something) different from (another thing)? Stating your opinion Set phrases In my opinionAccording to me To my way of thinking In my view To me From my point of view It is my opinion that I believe I think It seems to me that It appears that To my mind In my opinion, university students must attend classes. According to me, one must change with the times. To me, there is nothing more important than good health. It is my opinion that one learns by example. It seems to me that a good neighbor is one who respects your privacy. It appears that all the informat ion one needs is available on computer. Verbs Agree Believe Guess Hope Imagine Infer Realize Suppose Think UnderstandAll in all All things considered Altogether As a rule Basically By and large Essentially For the most part Generally In general On the whole Overall All in all, it is better to learn from a teacher than on your own. As a rule, it is better for students to wear uniform to school. For the most part, countries are more alike than different. On the whole, higher education should be available for all. Adverbials Seemingly Conceivably Possibly Perhaps Maybe Probably Presumably Certainly Almost Doubtless No doubt Definitely Daily exercise definitely should be a part of every school day.Doubtless, helping a child to learn to read is important. Seemingly, playing games can teach us about life. Almost In a way More or less Practically So to speak For all intents an purposes To some extent Up to a point Adjectives Certain Convinced Positive Sure Time Before After Since Next Duri ng At the same time Then Always While Often Sometime Meanwhile Degree Most important Less important Basically First Second Subordinate Primarily Secondary Comparison and contrast To compare Similar to Correspondingly As Common in Similarly Resemble Just as Than Like, alike Almost the same asIn a like manner Also Either/or At the same time In the same way Neither/or To contrast differ from nevertheless more than although however even do unlike while yet otherwise different from in contrast to but still less than on the other hand instead Cause and effect So For this reason Since Thus As a result Due to Consequently Because, because of Although Explanation In other words As Such as To clarify Like For instance To explain That is To illustrate To paraphrase For example Namely Adding more information In addition moreover besides similarly furthermore also as well as what’s more

The Taming Of The Shrew - 902 Words

The Taming of the Shrew/The Good and the Badde Essay Women in the era of Queen Elizabeth I were often portrayed through stereotypes such as, â€Å"The Good and the Badde† by Nicholas Breton. In this work women have desired traits such as loyalty, obedience, and innocence. Undesirable traits would be just the opposite, disobedience, raunchiness, treachery, loudness, and being outspoken. The play, â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† by William Shakespeare, plays heavily to these stereotypes with the two female main characters; Bianca and Kate. Whereas Kate plays the Un-quiet one in the beginning, but transitions to more of a quiet one or the good wife while Bianca plays The Virgin. The play s beginning shows both female characters and their†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœTwas a fault unwilling†(IV.i.158). Although she is still disobeying Petruchio it is showing that she is developing traits such as compassion, patience, and she even says please. This is contrary t o how her character in the beginning with always quick to violence but as you can see she is against it. The next change seen in Kate is how obedient she has become when Petruchio and her are heading to Bianca’s wedding. Petruchio says that the moon is out, when in actuality it is daytime. Petruchio and Kate have a brief disagreement until she finally rolls over and says â€Å"Forward, I pray, since we have come so far, And be it moon, or sun, or what you please. An if you please to call it a rush candle, Henceforth I vow it shall be so for me†(IV.iv.206). This shows that she is obedient and even if what Petruchio is saying is completely false she will obey and agree. Kate shows change in a way where she is innocent but obedient, before Petruchio enter the wedding party for Bianca, and right as they are about to enter Petruchio asks for a kiss. Kate denies him this because she has become modest and innocent which is a major change from the start, but shows obedience when she gives in and kisses him,†Nay, I will give thee a kiss. (kisses him) Now pray thee, love, stay,†(V.i.228). Shakespeare shows the audience a major change for Bianca when she is having banter with her guests and says,†Am I your bird? I mean toShow MoreRelatedThe Taming Of The Shrew1180 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the 1600s, William Shakespeare wrote the play The Taming of the Shrew. This play has been well-known throughout the ages. The play has been adapted into film and the two most popular version of it are The Taming of the Shrew and 10 Things I Hate About You. The movie The Taming of the Shrew was released in 1967, while the newer version came out as, 10 Things I Hate About You which was released in 1999. Even though these two variations are based off the same play they have many similaritiesRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1132 Words   |  5 PagesIn order for two comparative texts to develop ones understanding of shared themes and ideas they must over come the boundaries of differing contexts and explore the strong parallels between them. Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† (1590-1592) was composed during the Elizabethan era in contrast to Gil Junger’s â€Å"10 Things I Hate About You† (1999) set around 1990s America. Although the diverse time periods their correlating plots are indicators of appropriation and pronounce an intertextualRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew was written somewhere between 1592 and 1594 (Bevington 2). Taming of the Shrew’s titular theme is Petruchio â€Å"taming† his shrewish wife, Katharina, which was a common theme for plays during Elizabethan England. However, the play delves so much deeper into their relationship than just focusing on a male’s forced submission of a female. In fact, The Taming of the Shrew offers a sophisticated opinion on how a married couple should interact. Petruchio’s grand scheme of how he willRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare is a rich play for interpretation mainly because of its controversial content, due to the of power dynamics of Petruchio and Katharina. I chose to stage The Taming of the Shrew because I found the storyline engaging and I felt that the play would be able to be staged nontraditionally while continuing to retain its storyline and original language. For my production I would like Katharina and Petruchio to be in their late teens around 16 to 19 years oldRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew is a comedy/love story written by Shakespeare between 1590 and 1592. However, in the current era with new beliefs of men and women’s roles, The Taming of The Shrew is seen as pure misogyny. The plot of the play follows the idea that Bianca, the youngest daughter, is a beautiful young girl with lots of male attention and is eager to wed, though her wealthy father will not allow it until her older hot-tempered sister also has a suitor. Many modern films has been made on thisRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1322 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s play The Taming of the Shrew, the main character, Katharina Minola is portrayed as a shrew. Her behavior emanated from the fact that a father who treated her with indifference raised her and there was a lack of a motherly influence in her li fe. â€Å"Shakespeare sketches her character with a depth the typical shrew lacks† (â€Å"The Taming and Comic Tradition† 1) so her behavior is a defense mechanism used to protect herself from rejection. Katharina â€Å"is aggressive and belligerent, butRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew934 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew introduces the audience to the Elizabethan era. The mindset of the people in this era might be hard to grasp for the modern reader. The demeaning treatment and subsequent submission of women is a constant theme in the play. During this era, women were meant to obedient, submissive, and compliant to their husband. Katherine Minola, the daughter of Baptista defies society’s standards and is known for her outspokenness and thus labeled a â€Å"shrew.† Due to her aggressiveRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesKatharina, also known as Kate, is the main protagonist and her fiery personality is the focal point of the Shakespeare play, â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†. Her outspoken and quick-witted disposition is at odds with polite society thus earning her the offensive moniker ‘Shrew’, which essentially means a bad-tempered despicable old hag. Contrary to belief, she is, for the most part, an opinionated woman who has the courage to speak those opinions loudly to men that would prefer she’d be quiet. ThroughoutRead MoreTaming of the Shrew866 Words   |  4 PagesTaming of the shrew The Taming of the shrew was just one of William Shakespeares 4 great comedies. Taming of the shrew is based on a king named Baptista who had two daughters named Katherina and Bianca. Both daughters had arranged marriages by there father. Since Katherina was older she had to get married first. Her father chose Petruchio for her to marry. Katherina did not want to get married to Pertuchio, but Katherina did not have a choice. Katherina was very disobedient at the begging ofRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1023 Words   |  5 PagesKristine Lieu Mr. Smith English 2, Period 1 02 March 2016 The Taming of the Shrew Introduction What happens when two fouled tongue and short tempered human beings gets married and try to get dominate each other? In the play, The Taming of the Shrew, by William Shakespeare, the shrew, Katherine is compelled to marry the severe Petruchio, whose ravenousness for Katherine s settlement is coordinated just by his nonchalance for her contentious mentality. To start with, Katherine is unwilling to comply

The Impact Of Multiple Sclerosis - 1168 Words

Title Identify one health condition and discuss its impact on an individual and/or the wider society. This essay will look at Multiple Sclerosis and the impact that this health condition has on the physical and psychological wellbeing of an individual. Definitions Health – â€Å"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† (World Health Organisation, 2017). Multiple Sclerosis - â€Å"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is different for everyone. You can get symptoms in many parts of your body. MS is a neurological condition. That means it affects your nerves. Its caused when your immune system isn’t working properly.† (Mssociety.org.uk, 2017) Overview Multiple sclerosis is a†¦show more content†¦According to The National Multiple Sclerosis Society, fatigue affects around 80 percent of sufferers in the first instance and affects an ability to stay focused as it may be difficult to concentrate at home and work. Once diagnosed, MS patients are classified as disabled, thus can inform their employer of diagnosis but most are apprehensive. However, research suggests that those individuals who do inform their employer, are more likely to remain employed and stay in work longer than those who do not (Mssociety.org.uk, 2017). Once an individual has informed their employer reasonable adjustments can be considered as suggested in the Equality Act 2010 (Appendix 2). Reasonable adjustments are changes that an employer can make to the job/working environment, for a disabled worker to continue doing their job without being at a disadvantage of a non-disabled person. There are different kinds of reasonable adjustments such as reduced or flexible working hours that can be requested (Appendix 3). For an employer to decide what is a reasonable adjustment they will consider several things, for example; the size of the business, the cost to the company, is it effective or how long that person has worked there. Fatigue could also be due to sleep deprivation, which is an adjoining symptom of bladder dysfunction, whereby, the sufferer will wake often throughout the night therefore not achieving a restful night’s sleep. This extreme fatigue is known asShow MoreRelatedMultiple Sclerosis (Ms) Is A Disease That Impacts The Brain,1040 Words   |  5 Pages Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease that impacts the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, which is together known as the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is perhaps one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting about 1 per 1,000 of the population (Beaumont, 2008). Multiple Sclerosis means â€Å"Multiple Scars† due to the many scars (lesions) that are located in the CNS. This disease involves two main systems in the body, the Central Nervous System and the Immune System. The Central NervousRead MoreThe Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on a Patients Life Essay2192 Words   |  9 Pages The impact of Multiple Sclerosis on a patient’s life Introduction Eight years ago my mother was diagnosed with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, the most common form of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) affecting up to 85% of the MS patients, with twice as many women being affected as men1. It was a very difficult period for her as she had received very little support from her family and I find it fascinating how she managed to withstand the pressure and fight her condition despite all the odds beingRead MoreEssay on Ms Speech Outline981 Words   |  4 PagesName: Mason Arbogast Title: Multiple Sclerosis I. Introduction: A. Attention: According to Michael J. Olek, the writer of â€Å"Multiple Sclerosis -Etiology, Diagnosis, †¨and New Treatment Strategies† multiple sclerosis (MS) afflicts approximately 250,000 to 350,000 individuals in the United States and is the most common autoimmune disease involving the nervous system. B. Credibility: Approximately 6 years ago my mother was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, which has progressively gottenRead MoreMultiple Sclerosis : A Nervous System Disease That Affects The Brain And Spinal Cord869 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Everyone Should Know About Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis is considered a nervous system disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. The disease remains a mystery to this day since there are no known specific causes. It can be seen that multiple sclerosis is more prevalent in women than in men between the ages of 20-40 (Bethesda 2015). While the disease is typically mild in most cases, some severe cases may result in the loss in the ability to speak, walk, and write. Common symptomsRead MoreEvidence Based Practice Changes By Jean Martin Charcot And Florence Nightingales Era1077 Words   |  5 Pagestoday are fortunate to now have a clinical description and classification of multiple sclerosis. As a result, with new discoveries, nurses continue to create, analyze, and evaluate nursing concepts, philosophies and theories using research-based evidence and clinical expertise (Institute of Medicine, 2001). The new discoveries, quality improvements, and evidence-based care that has changed the course of multiple sclerosis diagnosis, treatment, and care since Jean Martin Charcot and Florence Nightingale’sRead MoreMultiple Sclerosis And The Central Nervous System1605 Words   |  7 PagesMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative and potentially debilitating disorder that affects the spinal cord and brain, collectively known as the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis evolves gradually throughout time and is considered to be auto-immune, which means the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues that are supposed to be within the body. According to Medscape, symptoms consist of, but are not limited to, sexual problems, ataxia (the inability to control certainRead MoreMultiple Sclerosis Is The Most Common Neurological Disorder1495 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Multiple Sclerosis Association of America, multiple sclerosis is the most common neurologica l disorder diagnosed in young adults (Gale). Multiple sclerosis could and can be a dangerous disease, it attacks the central nervous system by breaking down the myelin protective coating around the brain and spinal cord, thus affecting nerve impulses to be slowed down. Multiple sclerosis is also known as disseminated sclerosis (Gale). â€Å"Multiple† because it affects many areas in the brain andRead MoreEssay Multiple Sclerosis1206 Words   |  5 PagesMultiple Sclerosis The primary objective of this paper is to raise fundamental questions in regards to multiple sclerosis, and to explore possibilities that attempt to answer these inquiries. Second, the prospective outcome is to provide a solid knowledge base for which my peers may begin to understand the relationship between multiple sclerosis and neurobiology and behavior. The first question to address in the general schema of this essay is: What is Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple SclerosisRead MoreVitamin D Deficiency852 Words   |  3 Pageswidely prevalent in the world. Several lines of evidence support a relation between seasonal variations in serum vitamin D and higher relapse rates in MS patients in winter. Objective: To examine whether levels of vitamin D are associated with multiple sclerosis relapse. Methods: In this study 60 patients in relapse and 60 patients in remission matched controls were included. Results: patients in relapse had significantly lower 25(OH) D levels than 60 patients in remission matched controls (p= 0.004)Read MoreNursing Practice History And Evolution976 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution â€Å"The story of knowledge of multiple sclerosis is like a history of medicine in miniature† (Putnam, 1938, p. 806). My story began eighteen years ago, sitting in a University of Iowa neurologist’s exam room, awaiting the results of a magnetic resonance image of my brain. I was a twenty-six year old Caucasian female from rural Iowa and a recent nursing college graduate. However, I heard the neurologist’s explanation why his assessment revealed a multiple sclerosis diagnosis for the first time

Informative Essay Islamic State Of Iraq And Levant

Informative Essay on Islamic State Introduction Islamic state of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) also rendered as Islamic state of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), also known as the Arabic phrase Da’esh and self-described as Islamic State was formed in April 2003 but was established in 2006, growing out of al- Qaeda in Iraq. It has since been abjured by al- Qaeda. Isis has a treasury of 2 billion making it the richest terrorist organization also it has become one of the main jihadist groups fighting government forces in Syria and Iraq because of it vast amount of fighters estimated from 7,000-12,000 with 3,000-5,000 being foreign fighters. The leader of ISIS is Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Not many people know about but it is believed that he was born north of Baghdad, in 1971 and joined the armed rebellion against the US that erupted in Iraq soon after the 2003 US-led invasion. Who leads ISIS? Once a talented footballer in his local mosque Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi is now the most wanted jihadist leader, head of Isis, is now deemed one of the most powerful jihadist leaders in the world. He took over as leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq in 2010 after its former leaders Abu Musab al-Zarqawi who died in a 2006 US led airstrike and Abu Omar al-Baghdadi was killed in a 2010 attack by US and Iraqi troops. He declares himself as the â€Å"caliph† of Islam meaning an Islamic state led by a supreme religious and political leader and the ruler of 1.3 billion Muslims. Al – Baghdadi spent many of his formative years

Young Modulus Experiment Free Essays

Experiment 1: Young Modulus Title:Bending of beam and coefficient of elasticity. Objective: To study the relationship between load, span, width, height and deflection of a beam, places on two bearers and affected by a concentrated load at the centre. :To ascertain the coefficient of elasticity for aluminium, brass and steel. We will write a custom essay sample on Young Modulus Experiment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Results: Measurement of test specimen (a) For beam material – Steel | Length, L (mm)| Thickness, h (mm)| Width, b (mm)| 1st reading| 650| 3. 15| 18. 97| 2nd reading| 650| 3. 11| 19. 03| 3rd reading| 650| 3. 12| 18. 97| Average reading| 650| 3. 13| 18. 99| (b) For beam material – Aluminium Length, L (mm)| Thickness, h (mm)| Width, b (mm)| 1st reading| 650| 3. 25| 19. 15| 2nd reading| 650| 3. 21| 19. 23| 3rd reading| 650| 3. 21| 19. 18| Average reading| 650| 3. 22| 19. 19| (c) For beam material – Brass | Length, L (mm)| Thickness, h (mm)| Width, b (mm)| 1st reading| 650| 3. 31| 19. 05| 2nd reading| 650| 3. 34| 19. 20| 3rd reading| 650| 3. 35| 19. 09| Average reading| 650| 3. 33| 19. 11| Two simple supports end. (a) Deflection of test specimen [ Beam material-Steel ] Mass(gram)| Load (N)| Deflection #1 (mm)| Deflection #2 (mm)| Deflection #3 (mm)| Average Deflection (mm)| 100| 0. 981| 0. 5| 0. 45| 0. 48| 0. 43| 200| 1. 96| 0. 85| 0. 88| 0. 85| 0. 86| 300| 2. 94| 1. 30| 1. 32| 1. 38| 1. 33| 400| 3. 92| 1. 74| 1. 80| 1. 81| 1. 78| 500| 4. 91| 2. 20| 2. 24| 2. 25| 2. 23| (b) Deflection of test specimen [ Beam material-Aluminium ] Mass(gram)| Load (N)| Deflection #1 (mm)| Deflection #2 (mm)| Deflection #3 (mm)| Average Deflection (mm)| 100| 0. 981| 1. 18| 1. 15| 1. 16| 1. 16| 200| 1. 96| 2. 43| 2. 54| 2. 40| 2. 46| 300| 2. 94| 3. 72| 3. 67| 3. 72| 3. 70| 400| 3. 92| 4. 98| 5. 08| 5. 10| 5. 05| 500| 4. 91| 6. 07| 6. 20| 6. 15| 6. 14| (c) Deflection of test specimen [ Beam material- Brass ] Mass(gram)| Load (N)| Deflection #1 (mm)| Deflection #2 (mm)| Deflection #3 (mm)| Average Deflection (mm)| 100| 0. 981| 1. 02| 0. 97| 0. 90| 0. 96| 200| 1. 96| 1. 80| 1. 78| 1. 74| 1. 77| 300| 2. 94| 2. 67| 2. 78| 2. 66| 2. 70| 400| 3. 92| 3. 49| 3. 57| 3. 52| 3. 53| 500| 4. 91| 4. 37| 4. 41| 4. 37| 4. 41| One fixed end and one simple support end. (a) Deflection of test specimen [ Beam material-Steel ] Mass(gram)| Load (N)| Deflection #1 (mm)| Deflection #2 (mm)| Deflection #3 (mm)| Average Deflection (mm)| 100| 0. 981| 0. 26| 0. 23| 0. 27| 0. 25| 200| 1. 96| 0. 48| 0. 45| 0. 47| 0. 47| 300| 2. 94| 0. 69| 0. 70| 0. 70| 0. 0| 400| 3. 92| 0. 97| 0. 88| 0. 88| 0. 89| 500| 4. 91| 1. 15| 1. 12| 1. 12| 1. 13| (b) Deflection of test specimen [ Beam material-Aluminium ] Mass(gram)| Load (N)| Deflection #1 (mm)| Deflection #2 (mm)| Deflection #3 (mm)| Average Deflection (mm)| 100| 0. 981| 0. 60| 0. 67| 0. 69| 0. 65| 200| 1. 96| 1. 28| 1. 19| 1. 20| 1. 22| 300| 2. 94| 1. 80| 1. 80| 1. 82| 1. 81| 400| 3. 92| 2. 37| 2. 43| 2. 45| 2. 42| 500| 4. 91| 2. 97| 2. 98| 3. 01| 2. 99| (c) Deflection of test specimen [ Beam material-Brass ] Mass(gram)| Load (N)| Deflection #1 (mm)| Deflection #2 (mm)| Deflection #3 (mm)| Average Deflection (mm)| 100| 0. 81| 0. 47| 0. 42| 0. 48| 0. 46| 200| 1. 96| 0. 90| 0. 86| 0. 86| 0. 87| 300| 2. 94| 1. 30| 1. 28| 1. 30| 1. 29| 400| 3. 92| 1. 73| 1. 70| 1. 71| 1. 71| 500| 4. 91| 2. 14| 2. 14| 2. 13| 2. 14| Calculations: * Two simple supports end To calculate the moment of inertia : I = bh312 I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) b = Width of beam ( m ) h = Thickness of beam ( m ) To determine the beam Young modulus : E = F? (L348I) E = Young modulus ( Pa ) F = Force/load applied ( N ) ? = Deflection ( m ) L = Beam length ( m ) I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) F? = Slope of graph line deflection versus force ( N m-1 ) Beam material – Steel I = bh312 = 18. 99 ? 10-33. 13 ? 10-33 12 = 4. 853? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 4. 9-0. 980. 00223-0. 00043(600? 10-3)3484. 853? 10-11 = 3. 920. 00180. 2162. 329 ? 10-9 = 201. 94 GPa Beam material – Aluminium I = bh312 = 19. 19 ? 10-33. 22 ? 10-3312 = 5. 339? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 4. 9-0. 980. 00614-0. 00116(600? 10-3)3485. 339? 10-11 = 3. 920. 004980. 2162. 563 ? 10-9 = 66. 35 GPa Beam material – Brass I = bh312 = 19. 11 ? 10-33. 33 ? 10-3312 = 5. 880? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 1. 962-0. 9810. 00177-0. 00096(600? 10-3)3485. 880? 10-11 = 0. 9810. 000810. 2162. 822 ? 0-9 = 92. 69GPa * One fixed end and one simple support end I = bh312 I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) b = Width of beam ( m ) h = Thickness of beam ( m ) E = F? (3. 5L3384I) E = Young modulus ( Pa ) F = Force/load applied ( N ) ? = Deflection ( m ) L = Beam length ( m ) I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) F ? = Slope of graph line deflection versus force ( N m-1 ) Beam material – S teel I = bh312 = 18. 99? 10-33. 13? 10-3312 = 4. 853? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 91-0. 9810. 00113-0. 000253. 5(600? 10-3)33844. 853? 10-11 = 3. 9290. 000880. 7561. 86 ? 10-8 = 181. 47 GPa Beam material – Aluminium I = bh312 = 19. 19? 10-33. 22? 10-3312 = 5. 339? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 91-0. 9810. 00299-0. 000653. 5(600? 10-3)33845. 339? 10-11 = 3. 9290. 002340. 7562. 05 ? 10-8 = 61. 92 GPa Beam material – Brass I = bh312 = 19. 11? 10-33. 33? 10-3312 = 5. 880? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 905-0. 9810. 00214-0. 000463. 5(600? 10-3)33845. 880? 10-11 = 3. 9240. 001680. 7562. 26 ? 10-8 = 78. 13GPa Theoretical value for young modulus of Steel = 200GPa Theoretical value for young modulus of Aluminium = 69GPa Theoretical value for young modulus of Brasses = 100-125GPa Discussion : Based on the results, the experimental young modulus for Steel is 201. 94 GPa by using two simple supports end. Besides that, the experimental young modulus for Aluminium is 66. 35 GPa and for Brass is 92. 69 GPa. On the other hand, when the test is carried out by using one fixed end and one simple support end, the experimental young modulus for Steel is 181. 47 GPa, Aluminium is 66. 35 GPa and Brass is 92. 69 GPa. Based on the results from the both method, the coefficient of elasticity for Aluminium is the highest among Steel and Brass as it has the lowest value of young modulus. By comparing with the theoretical young modulus for Steel, Aluminium and Brass, the experimental young modulus for specimen by using two simple supports end is more accurate than using one fixed end and one simple support end. This is because when the beam is tighten only at one side, it will causes the beam to deflect unequally at both side. Thus, the dial gauge readings recorded will be inaccurate. There are some factors that may affect the experimental results to be inaccurate when this experiment is carried out. One of the factors that lead to inaccurate results is because of the atmosphere around the laboratory. The strong air from the air-conditioner will cause the load to be unstable and shaking when the reading is taken. Thus, the readings in the dial gauge will be changing as the load is moving. Besides that, misalignment error will also affect the experimental results to be inaccurate. The dial gauge is not placed to the center of the test specimen. This is important because the deflection of a beam placed on two bearers will be affected by a concentrated load at the centre. Moreover, parallax error may be occur when adjusting the height of the gauge so that the needle touched the test specimen. This error occurs because different people have different viewing of the measurement at an angle. Furthermore, the dial gauge must be set to 0. 00mm every time the load hanger is mount on the center of the test specimen. This steps need to be done before the readings is taken so that the results will not be interfere by the previous experimental results. The readings by the dial gauge must be taken when it is already fixed and stabilize. Therefore, softly tap on the dial gauge until the reading did not change to ensure that the load had already stabilize before the dial gauge reading is recorded. Conclusion : When the width and the height of the beam increases, the moment of inertia calculated will increase. Besides that, when the load and span increases, the deflection of a beam will also increases. This shows that the load and span is directly perpendicular to the deflection of a beam. Based on the results from both method, the coefficient of elasticity is increasing from steel, brass and aluminium. How to cite Young Modulus Experiment, Papers

BRIC Simply Implies the Combination of Few Countries

Question: Discuss about the Portfolio. Answer: Introduction: Literature Review BRIC simply implies the combination of few countries, which are Russia, China, Brazil and India. The future economy of the entire world depends on the development of these four countries (Stuenkel 2014). All the four countries have huge population and they are craving for growth, which has already started to reorganize the entire global commerce. They have young peoples who are concentrated in main cities and can impel this growth into a positive direction. However, the growing aspects of the start-ups and middle class are down in these BRIC countries. The domestic concern must be improved to provide growth in long term, strengths of investment and complement their exports. The average earning of the 800 million residents in the BRIC countries should have exceeded $ 3000 by the end of 2016. This should have effect on many industries like mobile phone, automobile, computers and many more. If income rises then it will also result in increased number of individuals having high net worth (Keukeleire and Hooijmaaijers 2014). Another factor is required to consider for supporting the market is profitability of the corporate. Profits of the corporate in BRIC countries has been consistently high during the past decade which was due to perfect corporate restructuring, reducing the level of borrowing and improving the corporate governance quality. In future if the recent problems in the credit market dont affect the growth of entire world in a very noteworthy manner then it is believed that the growth of Brazil will not be hampered significantly even though there is short term volatility in the market. In the mean time, Indias stock market has been able to reach highest levels (Cowan et al. 2014). It was expected that GDP of India and the earning of its corporate would slow down as its enters 2016 as various monetary and fiscal policy initiatives will be made to keep the inflation level under control. However, if long-term view is taken then Indian market will be slightly volatile during short term. The equity valuation of Chinese has shown upwards movements recently. However, higher valuation is expected seeing the growth of earnings in China (Frank 2013). The mergers, currency appreciation, acquisition and implementation of various plans for management incentive together with tax planning have been able to support Chinese in itiatives. The negative factor for China is its increasing trade surplus with Europe and china. Russia has suffered in the middle of the year due to turmoil in the market and no good performance in the beginning of the year to boost its value (Brtsch and Papa 2013). Therefore, most of the Russian stock has been valued at a moderate rate like shares of Lukoil and Gazprom was valued relatively low even when both of the companies have higher long-term valuation of oil than Petrobras, a Brazilian company. The key factor of Russia is the prices of oil and is unlikely to collapse but for some stock market has been trading at an average level. Forecast of the GDP of the counties of BRIC during the year 2009 to 2015 was roughly US $ 19.2 turn with an export of US $ 5.4 trn, which helps in boosting the domestic growth and creation of a new customer generation. There was a time when the growth rate of US and Europe was slowing down then BRIC countries provided massive growth opportunity for companies to penetrate the virgin markets at a large scale (Frank 2013). The growth of Chinese and Indian economy have been boosted by export and investment in manufacturing products which is largely different from the full of resource Russia and to some extent to Brazil. Therefore, any approach to exploit the BRIC growth must be accounted for in assessing the risk faced by these countries like risks in the stability of oil price (Cowan et al. 2014).. Financial market immaturity and pressure of inflation in china is also to be analyzed by the researcher. References Brtsch, C. and Papa, M., 2013. Deconstructing the BRICS: Bargaining Coalition, Imagined Community, or Geopolitical Fad?.The Chinese Journal of International Politics, p.pot009. Cowan, W.N., Chang, T., Inglesi-Lotz, R. and Gupta, R., 2014. The nexus of electricity consumption, economic growth and CO 2 emissions in the BRICS countries.Energy Policy,66, pp.359-368. Frank, W.P., 2013. International Business Challenge: Does Adding South Africa Finally Make the BRIC Countries Relevant?.Journal of International Business Research,12(1), p.1. Keukeleire, S. and Hooijmaaijers, B., 2014. The BRICS and Other Emerging Power Alliances and Multilateral Organizations in the Asia Pacific and the Global South: Challenges for the European Union and Its View on Multilateralism.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,52(3), pp.582-599. Stuenkel, O., 2013. The financial crisis, contested legitimacy, and the genesis of intra-BRICS cooperation.Global Governance,19(4), pp.611-630.